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Wednesday, July 08, 2009

How to get to | Cyprus

This is part of a series of blog entries on how to get to countries and places. Here is a link to the index. I plan to eventually cover every country and some other places. If you have a request for a particular country or place please use the email me link at top right, or leave a comment.

Cyprus

Source: Wikimedia Commons

There are ferries between Turkey and Northern Cyprus, and Greece and Republic of Cyprus. There may also be ferries between the Republic of Cyprus and Lebanon and Israel depending on the political situation. However, most visitors arrive by air. Airlines flying to Cyprus (to Larnaca unless otherwise specified) include:

  • Star Alliance - Austrian, EgyptAir, LOT, Lufthansa, Swiss, Turkish (Ercan in Northern Cyprus only)
  • Oneworld - British Airways (Larnaca and Paphos), Finnair (Paphos only), Malev, Royal Jordanian
  • Sky Team - Aeroflot, Alitalia, Czech, KLM
  • Other selected - most European low cost carriers, most Middle Eastern and Persian Gulf airlines

TIP It is far easier to arrive and depart from Republic of Cyprus (in the southern part of the island) than Northern Cyprus, unless the previous/next destination is Turkey.

TIP There are no longhaul flights to/from Cyprus however fares are generally similar to or slightly higher than other Mediterranean countries.

TIP Shorthaul business class fares to Cyprus are relatively inexpensive, and award availability is also good.

Tuesday, July 07, 2009

How to get to | Turkey

This is part of a series of blog entries on how to get to countries and places. Here is a link to the index. I plan to eventually cover every country and some other places. If you have a request for a particular country or place please use the email me link at top right, or leave a comment.

Turkey

Source : Wikimedia Commons

Most visitors to Turkey arrive by air or by cruise ship. There are also ferries across the Aegean and Black Seas, trains and buses from Greece and Bulgaria, lots of buses from Syria and land crossings are open to most other neighbouring countries (some safer/easier than others). Lots of airlines fly to Turkey (mostly to Istanbul) including:
  • Star Alliance - Austrian, EgyptAir, LOT, Lufthansa, SAS, Singapore, Swiss, Turkish
  • Oneworld - British Airways, Finnair, Iberia, Malev, Royal Jordanian
  • Sky Team - Aeroflot, Air France, Alitalia, Czech, Delta, KLM, Korean
  • Other selected - most Middle Eastern and European airlines

TIP - longhaul fares to Turkey from Asia/Pacific are generally cheaper than to Europe, from North America often only slightly more expensive than to Western Europe.

TIP - most European low cost airlines fly to Sabiha Gocken airport in Istanbul, not the main Ataturk airport.

Monday, July 06, 2009

Why You Should Look Out for Fifth Freedom Flights

A 5th freedom flight is one flown between 2 countries by an airline not based in either the origin or destination country (ie the airline is based in a 3rd country), provided the airline has traffic rights. Traffic rights means the ability to sell tickets just for that flight (without requiring connections to/from). Some flights operated by an airline based in a 3rd country do not have traffic rights - while they can carry passengers on the flight leg they cannot sell stand-alone tickets.

This is difficult to explain clearly so some examples may assist.

  • A number of airlines fly between London Heathrow and Hong Kong. These include British Airways (BA), Virgin Atlantic (VS), Cathay Pacific (CX), Qantas (QF) and Air New Zealand (NZ). All these airlines are allowed to sell tickets on this leg. BA, VS and CX are airlines of UK and Hong Kong thus their flights are not fifth freedom. Qantas and Air New Zealand are based in Australia and New Zealand respectively, thus their flights between London and Hong Kong are fifth freedom flights.
  • British Airways (BA) flies between Singapore and Sydney and can sell tickets on this leg, thus the BA flight between Singapore and Sydney is a fifth freedom flight.
  • Singapore Airlines (SQ) flies between Milan Malpensa and Barcelona but cannot sell tickets on this leg. Any passengers flying between Milan and Barcelona must fly through to/from Singapore on Singapore Airlines. This SQ flight between Milan and Barcelona is not a fifth freedom flights.

How can you find fifth freedom rights?

There are hundreds of fifth freedom flights. There are also hundreds of flights by airlines of a different country from the origin and destination that do not have traffic rights. The fifth freedom flights tend to be concentrated in particular parts of the world.

  • Within EU there is a common aviation market. This means all EU-based airlines can fly between any EU countries. In practice there are not many examples of this due to airlines wanting to avoid airfare wars.
  • Australia and New Zealand have a single aviation market. This means any airline with the right to fly to Australia can also fly to New Zealand, and vice versa. There are lots of fifth freedom flights between Australia and New Zealand (particularly on Sydney to Auckland route).
  • Within Caribbean some airlines have a number of fifth freedom flights.
  • Within Middle East (except to/from Saudi Arabia and Yemen) there are lots of fifth freedom flights.
  • Within Southeast Asia, North Asia and between South Asia and Southeast Asia there are lots of fifth freedom flights.
  • Within South America there are some fifth freedom flights.
  • Open Skies Agreement means any EU or US based airline can fly between USA and any EU country. This agreement was completed relatively recently and hasn't yet been widely used by the airlines. I'd expect more fifth freedom flights after the recession is over.

Why are fifth freedom flights good for passengers?

There are two main reasons to look out for 5th freedom flights - price and comfort.

Fares on fifth freedom flights typically are very low compared with other airlines flying the route, or even in absolute terms. The kangaroo route between London and Australia is an obvious exception due to the anti-competitive agreement between British Airways and Qantas.

Most of the fifth freedom flights are operated with longhaul aircraft. This usually means a more comfortable seat, and better in-flight entertainment, than shorthaul aircraft which may be used by other airlines on the same route.

How to recognise if a flight is a fifth freedom flight?

Unfortunately some online timetables show flights even if there is no traffic rights. The best way to tell is simply use an online travel agent to make a booking or dummy booking and select search all airlines. I'll generally do a dummy booking with an online travel agent to identify the airlines on a route and then double check with the airline website to see if they can beat the price.

Note that some fifth freedom flights may only operate one or two days a week, so use flexible date search if possible.

Examples of fifth freedom flights

A random selection of 5th freedom flights. The full list is hundreds long.

  • Cathay Pacific between Bangkok and Colombo, Delhi, Karachi, Mumbai & Singapore
  • Cathay Pacific between Taipei and Seoul plus various Japanese cities
  • Emirates between Sydney and Auckland, Sydney and Christchurch, Brisbane and Auckland, Melbourne and Auckland
  • LAN between New York JFK and Toronto
  • Northwest and United Airlines between Tokyo and various Asian airports
  • Singapore Airlines between New York JFK and Frankfurt, Houston IAH and Moscow DME, Los Angeles LAX and Tokyo, San Francisco and Hong Kong/Seoul
  • South African between Dakar and Abidjan, New York JFK & Washington IAD
  • Turkish between Dakar and Sao Paulo
  • Abu Dhabi to Kuwait/Muscat vv
  • Bahrain to Doha/Dubai vv
  • Bangkok to Guangzhou/Ho Chi Minh City/Hong Kong/Kuala Lumpur/Tokyo vv
  • Buenos Aires to Montevideo/Santiago/Sao Paulo vv
  • Dubai to Bahrain/Cairo/Istanbul/Mumbai/Muscat vv

Thursday, July 02, 2009

How to get to | Cambodia

This is part of a series of blog entries on how to get to countries and places. Here is a link to the index. I plan to eventually cover every country and some other places. If you have a request for a particular country or place please use the email me link at top right, or leave a comment.

Cambodia

Source: Heiner Faulhaber

Visitors to Cambodia can arrive by river boat from Vietnam, by land or by air. There are several options for flying to/from Cambodia. These include:
  • Star Alliance - Asiana (to Phnom Penh and Siem Reap), Shanghai Airlines (to Phnom Penh), Thai (to Phnom Penh)
  • Oneworld - Dragonair (to Phnom Penh)
  • Sky Team - China Southern (to Phnom Penh and Siem Reap), Korean (to Phnom Penh and Siem Reap)
  • Other selected - several Asian low cost airlines (to Phnom Penh and Siem Reap)

TIP Cambodia is generally more expensive to reach on the major airlines than other nearby countries (such as Vietnam) due to limited options.

TIP Book early if including Cambodia on a frequent flyer award or an around the world fare, especially in business class.

TIP Due to competition from low cost carriers, fares are low from nearby Asian hubs (Bangkok, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore) to Cambodia. Thus if longhaul fares to Cambodia are too high look at going via a nearby hub on two tickets.

Wednesday, July 01, 2009

How to get to | Nauru

This is part of a series of blog entries on how to get to countries and places. Here is a link to the index. I plan to eventually cover every country and some other places. If you have a request for a particular country or place please use the email me link at top right, or leave a comment.

Nauru
Source: Wikimedia Commons

It is difficult to get to the island nation of Nauru. There is no seaport or safe anchorage for yachts, and there are just two flights a week to Nauru on Our Airline from Brisbane (via Honiara). Our Airline belongs to no alliance and is not a partner to any other airline. The only way to save on airfares is book early, but this is not recommended (Our Airline and predecessor Air Nauru have had a shaky financial history).

How to get to | Index

I have started a series of blog entries on how to get to various countries and places. To help make it easier to find a specific entry, this post will serve as an index and will be kept up-to-date with links to all the other posts.

Currently 54 countries and 10 places have been posted. Ultimately I plan to cover every country and some interesting places. If any reader wishes me to blog soon on a particular country or place please use the contact me link or leave a comment.

Countries & Places

North America, Central America & Caribbean
Barbados
Costa Rica
Cuba
El Salvador
Mexico
St Vincent and the Grenadines
USA
- country USA
- place Alaska
- place Hawaii

South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Chile
- country Chile
- place Easter Island (aka Rapa Nui or Isla de Pascua)
Uruguay

Atlantic Ocean
Iceland

Africa
Angola
Libya
Morocco
Namibia
South Africa
Sudan

Europe
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Croatia
Cyprus
Finland
Greece
Kosovo
Monaco
Montenegro
Poland
Portugal
Sweden
Ukraine

Middle East & Caucasus
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
- place Dubai
Yemen

Asia
Brunei
Cambodia
Indonesia
- country Indonesia
- place Bali
Laos
Malaysia
- place Sabah
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
South Korea
Timor Leste (aka East Timor)
Vietnam

Indian Ocean
Madagascar
Mauritius

Australia & nearby
Australia
- country Australia
- place Lord Howe Island
Papua New Guinea
Timor Leste (aka East Timor)

Pacific Ocean
Chile
- place Easter Island (aka Rapa Nui or Isla de Pascua)
Cook Islands
Fiji
France
- place Noumea (New Caledonia)
- place Tahiti (French Polynesia)
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Tonga

Antarctica
- place Antarctica


Create your own visited map of The World

Tuesday, June 30, 2009

Swine flu update #6

I previously blogged on the impacts of H1N1 (swine flu) on travel, what to do about the potential impacts and how savvy travellers can benefit.This is an update on how the potential impacts are developing.

A reminder that for medical advice or up to the minute information on the spread of swine flu, check out the World Health Organization (WHO) website. Note they call it H1N1 Influenza A instead of swine flu.

Current swine flu status

Transmission rates and death rates are similar to or lower than normal seasonal influenza levels. At the time of writing over 100 countries have reported confirmed H1N1 cases and 13 countries have reported H1N1 deaths - it has spread everywhere, just like normal flu.

Current impacts on travel

Many countries have changed their approach to dealing with H1N1 as they accept it is now no longer contained. In general this means less hassles for travellers, although this is not yet the case everywhere. As previously reported, China still is taking a highly precautionary approach of putting into quarantine all arrivals who show a temperature, or seated nearby to someone with a temperature on a plane, or in a neighbouring cabin/room on a boat or in a hotel.

Mark Ashley of Upgrade: Travel Better has blogged about health authorities in Bali/Indonesia going one step further over the top by taking blood tests of all arriving visitors.

Other than in these few countries still taking a hard line, the only travellers significantly impacted by swine flu now should be those who actually contract it. Generally they are required to be quarantined for 3 or 7 days, and in some cases are hospitalised. The risk of this is low.

I've travelled to several countries since swine flu broke out, and in most (but not all) a health form is required for all arriving travellers (and in some cases also transit passengers) as well as a request to self-proclaim if feeling unwell. Thermal cameras in countries which had been using them only the past couple of months has been discontinued, but generally not in Asia where they have been in place for some years.

There are still some reports that China is slow to issue visas to Mexicans, Americans and Australians.

Outlook

With many countries easing restrictions and their reactions to swine flu I think it is a great time to be travelling. The sales this year have been the best in a decade or more on some routes - this can't last. I expect airlines will keep slashing capacity if passenger numbers don't bounce back. Hotels don't have the luxury of altering supply so we should still see more good deals for the rest of the year at least. I'm wary of booking any non-refundable accommodation in the interim.

I'm keeping an eye on China and Indonesia as their actions are getting further and further out of step with other countries. Fortunately I have no upcoming travel to either planned in the short term.

Flight Connectivity Index as at 30 June 2009

For those interested here is the full listing of the Flight Connectivity Index (FCI) as at 30 June 2009.

Flight Connectivity Index
as at 30 June 2009
CountryFCIRank
Afghanistan13112=
Albania12116=
Algeria2760
Andorra0189=
Angola2172=
Antigua and Barbuda15102=
Argentina2466=
Armenia1986=
Australia3055=
Austria6114
Azerbaijan2079=
Bahamas5159=
Bahrain3151=
Bangladesh1697=
Barbados14104=
Belarus2079=
Belgium6213
Belize3178=
Benin1986=
Bhutan4171=
Bolivia9136=
Bosnia and Herzegovina14104=
Botswana3178=
Brazil3344=
Brunei Darussalam12116=
Bulgaria3055=
Burkina Faso14104=
Burundi5159=
Cambodia7146=
Cameroon2172=
Canada5216=
Cape Verde14104=
Central African Republic7146=
Chad12116=
Chile2172=
China6412
Colombia2079=
Comoros4171=
Congo1892=
Costa Rica1892=
Côte d'Ivoire2661=
Croatia2959
Cuba2172=
Cyprus3442=
Czech Republic4820=
Denmark4327
Djibouti8140=
Dominica5159=
Dominican Republic2564=
DR Congo12116=
Ecuador11125=
Egypt5315
El Salvador12116=
Equatorial Guinea9136=
Eritrea10131=
Estonia2079=
Ethiopia4722=
Fiji11125=
Finland3738=
France1042=
Gabon2172=
Gambia7146=
Georgia1697=
Germany1061
Ghana2172=
Greece4918=
Grenada8140=
Guatemala11125=
Guinea12116=
Guinea-Bissau6152=
Guyana5159=
Haiti6152=
Honduras10131=
Hungary4031=
Iceland15102=
India4722=
Indonesia1986=
Iran3344=
Iraq8140=
Ireland3344=
Israel4031=
Italy835
Jamaica14104=
Japan3641
Jordan3935=
Kazakhstan2271
Kenya4524=
Kiribati1185=
Kuwait3935=
Kyrgyzstan9136=
Laos5159=
Latvia3249=
Lebanon4130
Lesotho1185=
Liberia7146=
Libya3738=
Liechtenstein0189=
Lithuania14104=
Luxembourg2172=
Madagascar7146=
Malawi6152=
Malaysia4228=
Maldives11125=
Mali1795=
Malta2564=
Marshall Islands2183=
Mauritania12116=
Mauritius1697=
Mexico2368=
Micronesia3178=
Moldova1697=
Monaco0189=
Mongolia5159=
Montenegro14104=
Morocco4031=
Mozambique4171=
Myanmar5159=
Namibia5159=
Nauru2183=
Nepal13112=
Netherlands797
New Zealand1892=
Nicaragua7146=
Niger6152=
Nigeria3151=
North Korea3178=
Norway3249=
Oman1986=
Pakistan3055=
Palau4171=
Panama2368=
Papua New Guinea8140=
Paraguay6152=
Peru2079=
Philippines2079=
Poland3442=
Portugal3837
Qatar4918=
Romania3151=
Russian Federation6810=
Rwanda8140=
Saint Kitts and Nevis5159=
Saint Lucia8140=
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines6152=
Samoa5159=
San Marino0189=
Sao Tome and Principe4171=
Saudi Arabia4426
Senegal3151=
Serbia3055=
Seychelles12116=
Sierra Leone11125=
Singapore4228=
Slovakia1986=
Slovenia2661=
Solomon Islands5159=
Somalia6152=
South Africa4820=
South Korea3738=
Spain699
Sri Lanka1986=
Sudan2079=
Suriname4171=
Swaziland1185=
Sweden4031=
Switzerland6810=
Syria3344=
Tajikistan10131=
Tanzania1697=
TFYROM (Macedonia)13112=
Thailand5216=
Timor-Leste3178=
Togo11125=
Tonga5159=
Trinidad and Tobago14104=
Tunisia3344=
Turkey806
Turkmenistan10131=
Tuvalu1185=
UAE768
Uganda12116=
UK1042=
Ukraine4524=
Uruguay10131=
USA864
Uzbekistan2368=
Vanuatu4171=
Venezuela2661=
Vietnam1795=
Yemen2466=
Zambia9136=
Zimbabwe13112=

Which countries have flights to the most & least number of other countries?

A factor in common for my own travel plans to visit every country, and also in the how to get to series, is that some countries have flight connections with lots of other countries while others do not.

I find it useful to have an idea of how well connected by air various countries are, and based on questions I often get I hope others will find it useful too.

Introducing Flight Connectivity Index (FCI)

To get a quick high level view I have calculated a Flight Connectivity Index (FCI) based on airline schedules at 30 June 2009. The FCI value is the number of other countries to which you can fly directly from a given country, based on published schedules of IATA airlines. Domestic flights do not count. To simplify the calculation, countries are defined as members of United Nations, as opposed to using one of the many other country lists available.

As airline schedules change I intend updating the calculation from time to time.

Selected 30 June 2009 FCI results

There are 192 member countries of the United Nations, thus the maximum possible FCI is 191 (because domestic flights do not count). No country has direct flights to all other countries - the highest FCI score is 106 for Germany. Four countries have a zero flight connectivity index - these are the small countries of Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco and San Marino. The average across all countries is 23.

The top 10 flight connectivity index values at 30 June 2009 are equal to or greater than 68, and the bottom 10 are equal to or less than 3. There are 57 countries with a FCI of 9 or less, 3 countries with a FCI of 100 or more (Germany, France, UK) and 17 countries with a FCI score of 50 or more.

The countries with the highest and lowest FCI values are shown in the two tables below.

Flight Connectivity Index (FCI) - Top 10
as at 30 June 2009

RankFCICountry
1106Germany
2=104France
UK
486USA
583Italy
680Turkey
779Netherlands
876UAE
969Spain
10=68Russia
Switzerland

Flight Connectivity Index (FCI) - Bottom 10


as at 30 June 2009

RankFCICountry
No flights
189=0Andorra
Liechtenstein
Monaco
San Marino
Flights
185=1Kiribati
Lesotho
Swaziland
Tuvalu
183=2Marshall Islands
Nauru
178=3Belize
Botswana
North Korea
Micronesia
Timor-Leste

Monday, June 29, 2009

Airline lounges - my second home

As I have been asked about airline and airport lounges a lot lately, I figure it is time for another blog post about them. Airline lounges can generally be accessed by:

  • paid club membership - of the specific airline's club or a partner airline's club with reciprocal useage rights
  • pay per use membership
  • frequent flyer elite status
  • airline class of travel

So far, I have never bought club membership or paid for day use of a lounge. Despite this I have used over 260 lounges in over 120 airports worldwide, several of them over 100 times. The quality of lounge varies widely from the luxury of the Lufthansa First Class Terminal with dozens of fine single malt whiskies, to a peaceful oasis of calm in what is otherwise a horrid airport (lounges in Dhaka and Lahore spring to mind), to the downright nasty crowded rooms (such as the LAT Lounge at Beirut which makes the Red Carpet Club at Los Angeles look good!).

What do I look for in a lounge?

Showers

Most airline lounge users do not shower in the lounge. However, for me it is an invaluable asset and I wish more lounges had them. Whether it is because I'm in the middle of 2 or more days constant flying, or because I'm rushing straight from work to flight to work with no time to visit home or hotel in between, I use airline lounge showers very frequently.

Of course not all showers are equal. Most have towels, soap and other amenities. Some do not. I bring my own towel just in case. Some have toilet and basin in the shower room, others do not. Some are heavily used and require lengthy waits (eg Lufthansa Frankfurt nonschengen B lounge in the morning and evening).

The best airport showers I've had are in the Los Angeles Air New Zealand lounge. It is great to wash away the hassles of security (and often lengthy immigration queues too) in the middle of 30 odd hours of flying. Oh yes, the cabanas at Cathay Pacific Hong Kong The Wing First Class lounge are also pretty nice.

Business facilities

I'm in the minority here amongst business travelers, but a lot of the time I travel without a laptop. Downtime in transit is an opportunity to catch up on messages and get some work done. For this reason I wish every airline lounge had free internet computers, preferably with printers and photocopiers available. Free local calls are a nice bonus if available.

The best airport lounge business facilities I've used are the bookable rooms in the Melbourne and Sydney Qantas First Class lounge. Not only do they have all of the above, but also little things like office stationery (pens, pencils, paper even a stapler & sellotape). To keep any meetings confidential there are also privacy blinds and enough space and chairs for a few people to use the room at once.

Lounge agents

When things go wrong, as they are bound to from time to time, having good airline agents in the lounge who are authorised to fix things is invaluable. Not only does it save time queueing at a desk in the main part of the terminal or on hold on the phone, but by getting quick access you sometimes can take advantage of fleeting opportunities.

One example is in the United San Francisco Red Carpet Club (RCC) a few years ago. I had one of those tricky itineraries flying to Anchorage via Portland and Seattle, having just arrived from New Zealand. The weather along the west coast was bad with many flight delays. My flight to Portland was delayed a couple of hours which would likely mean misconnecting with the once a day flight from Seattle to Anchorage. I spotted the issue when a delay announcement was made at the gate and headed straight back to the RCC with it's service desk inside. The nice agent in the lounge quickly saw the problem and rebooked me on the nonstop flight to Seattle that was just about to board. If I'd tried calling or heading to the landside service desk I wouldn't have even reached an agent in time to take this option.

The extras

Showers, computers and good agents are the 3 things I really look for in an airline lounge. Other stuff, however, may be the difference between a good lounge and a great one. Here are some examples of lounge extras I like. See if you can pick which lounges I am referring to?

  • children's play room, complete with playstations - less noise in the main part of the lounge and keeps kids away from the computers
  • air hockey table - for the inner child
  • special lounge security and immigration to bypass the regular ones - faster and less intrusive
  • great picture windows overlooking tarmac, runway and scenery
  • wide selection of magazines and newspapers
  • great restaurant quality food and drink with proper meal service
  • Fauchon green tea ice cream
  • spa or massages
  • sleeper rooms, complete with wakeup service so you don't miss your flight
  • bar tenders that remember my order and have it ready when they see me coming